Trade Shifts · HS 72
Iron and steel (HS 72)
Where the US buys iron and steel (HS 72) from: each partner’s share of US general imports.
1.5%
China’s share, 12 months to Aug 2026
2017: 2.3% · change −0.8 points
What changed
China supplied 1.5% of US imports of iron and steel (HS 72) in the 12 months to August 2026, down from 2.3% in 2017.
The largest gains over the same period: South Korea (+3.3 points), India (+3.1 points).
Baseline: calendar year 2017, the last full year before the 2018 Section 301 tariffs. Sentences are generated from the figures by fixed templates.
Chart
- China
- Vietnam
- Taiwan
- Mexico
- India
- All other origins
- Other watchlist partners (Canada, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Cambodia, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand)
Share of US general imports from all countries (World). Monthly figures, not seasonally adjusted. All other origins is World minus the five highlighted partners (China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Mexico and India). It includes the other watchlist partners, which are also drawn individually as thin grey lines.
A missing month means Census published no figure for that partner and product. That usually reflects little or no recorded trade, but we don't assume zero, so the line shows a gap. Gaps in this view: Cambodia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore.
Dashed vertical lines mark policy events; numbers match the list below. On narrow screens, events within a few weeks of each other share one marker.
Policy events
US measures affecting this product or all imports, with official sources. Tariff lists are written at the 8-digit level; this page covers HS 72, so most measures cover only part of it. Status as checked on 13 Oct 2026. Partner-specific trade deals after August 2025 are not yet mapped in the event list.
Event 1 (marked on the chart)
Section 232 tariff on steel imports
Section 232 · In force · announced , effective · all partners
In force, modified: started at 25% (Canada, Mexico and others exempt at first); 50% since 4 Jun 2025; applied to full customs value since 6 Apr 2026. Later changes for some articles (Proclamation 11032) not mapped.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. Steel articles: HTS 7206.10–7216.50, 7216.99–7301.10, 7302.10, 7302.40–7302.90 (Proclamation 9705).
Event 2 (marked on the chart)
Section 232 steel and aluminum exemptions for Canada and Mexico expire
Section 232 · Superseded · announced , effective · Canada, Mexico
Steel 25% and aluminum 10% apply to Canada and Mexico.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. Steel articles: HTS 7206.10–7216.50, 7216.99–7301.10, 7302.10, 7302.40–7302.90 (Proclamation 9705).
Event 3 (marked on the chart)
Section 301 List 1: 25% on $34 billion of imports from China
Section 301 · In force · announced , effective · China
25% additional duty.
Shown on every chart as a reference point. It does not list products in this chapter.
Event 4 (marked on the chart)
Section 301 List 3: additional duty on $200 billion of imports from China
Section 301 · In force · announced , effective · China
In force, modified: started at 10%; 25% since 10 May 2019.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 38 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(f)).
Event 5
List 3 increase to 25% postponed to 2 March 2019
Section 301 · Superseded · · China
Rate stayed at 10%.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 38 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(f)).
Event 6
List 3 increase to 25% postponed until further notice
Section 301 · Superseded · · China
Rate stayed at 10%.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 38 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(f)).
Event 7 (marked on the chart)
List 3 rate raised from 10% to 25%
Section 301 · In force · announced , effective · China
25% additional duty.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 38 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(f)).
Event 8 (marked on the chart)
Canada and Mexico excluded from Section 232 steel and aluminum tariffs
Section 232 · Ended · announced , effective , ended · Canada, Mexico
Exclusion ended 12 Mar 2025 (Proclamations 10895 and 10896).
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. Steel articles: HTS 7206.10–7216.50, 7216.99–7301.10, 7302.10, 7302.40–7302.90 (Proclamation 9705).
Event 9 (marked on the chart)
Section 301 List 4A: additional duty on imports from China
Section 301 · In force, reduced · announced , effective · China
Reduced: started at 15% (announced at 10%, raised before taking effect); 7.5% since 14 Feb 2020.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 216 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(s)).
Event 10
List 4A rate set at 15% before taking effect
Section 301 · Superseded · announced , effective · China
15% from 1 Sep 2019; reduced to 7.5% from 14 Feb 2020.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 216 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(s)).
Event 11
Section 301 List 4B suspended before taking effect
Section 301 · Suspended · announced , effective · China
The 15% duty scheduled for 15 Dec 2019 never applied.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 3 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(u)).
Event 12 (marked on the chart)
Phase One: List 4A rate cut from 15% to 7.5%
Section 301 · In force · announced , effective · China
7.5% additional duty on List 4A products.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 216 HTS8 subheadings listed (HTSUS 2020 Basic Edition, ch. 99 U.S. note 20(s)).
Event 13
USMCA enters into force
Trade agreement · In force · · Canada, Mexico
Replaces NAFTA.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 14 (marked on the chart)
Section 301 four-year review: increases on strategic sectors (step 1)
Section 301 · In force · announced , effective · China
Electric vehicles 100%; lithium-ion EV batteries and battery parts 25%; solar cells 50%; steel and aluminum products 25%; ship-to-shore cranes 25%.
Announced in a presidential memorandum of 14 May 2024; USTR notice published 18 Sep 2024.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. 213 HTS lines in Annex A of FR 2024-21217.
Event 15
IEEPA duty on imports from China (fentanyl order)
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · China, Hong Kong
Started at 10%; 20% from 4 Mar 2025; 10% from 10 Nov 2025. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
CBP's implementation notice applies it to products of China including Hong Kong.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 16
IEEPA duty on imports from Canada
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · Canada
25% (energy and potash 10%). First set for 4 Feb 2025, paused until 4 Mar 2025 (EO 14197). USMCA-qualifying goods exempt from 7 Mar 2025; 35% from 1 Aug 2025. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 17
IEEPA duty on imports from Mexico
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · Mexico
25%. First set for 4 Feb 2025, paused until 4 Mar 2025 (EO 14198). USMCA-qualifying goods exempt from 7 Mar 2025. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 18
IEEPA fentanyl duty on China raised from 10% to 20%
IEEPA · Superseded · announced , effective · China, Hong Kong
20%; reduced to 10% from 10 Nov 2025.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 19
USMCA-qualifying goods from Canada exempted from the IEEPA duty
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · Canada
Exemption ended with the duty.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 20
USMCA-qualifying goods from Mexico exempted from the IEEPA duty
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · Mexico
Exemption ended with the duty.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 21 (marked on the chart)
Section 232 steel: country exemptions and quotas end, derivative products added
Section 232 · In force · announced , effective · all partners
In force, modified: 25% at the time; 50% since 4 Jun 2025.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. Steel articles: HTS 7206.10–7216.50, 7216.99–7301.10, 7302.10, 7302.40–7302.90 (Proclamation 9705).
Event 22 (marked on the chart)
Reciprocal tariffs (IEEPA)
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · all partners except Canada, Mexico
10% from 5 Apr 2025; country rates from 9 Apr 2025: China 34%, Vietnam 46%, Thailand 36%, Malaysia 24%, Indonesia 32%, Philippines 17%, Cambodia 49%, Taiwan 32%, India 26%, South Korea 25%, Japan 24%; Singapore 10% (not listed). Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies to all partners except Canada and Mexico.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 23
Reciprocal tariff on China raised from 34% to 84%
IEEPA · Superseded · announced , effective · China, Hong Kong
84%; raised to 125% from 10 Apr 2025.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 24
Reciprocal tariff on China raised to 125%; other country rates paused at 10%
IEEPA · Superseded · announced , effective · all partners except Canada, Mexico
China 125%; country rates for others paused until 9 Jul 2025 with 10% applying. China cut to 10% from 14 May 2025.
Applies to all partners except Canada and Mexico.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 25 (marked on the chart)
Geneva truce: reciprocal tariff on China cut to 10% for 90 days
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · China, Hong Kong
10% (34% with 24 points suspended for 90 days). Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 26
Court of International Trade rules the IEEPA tariffs unlawful
Court ruling ·
V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. United States, Slip Op. 25-66: summary judgment for the plaintiffs and a permanent injunction against the reciprocal and trafficking tariffs.
Event 27
Federal Circuit grants an administrative stay of the CIT ruling
Court ruling ·
Order in No. 25-1812 (Doc. 7): the CIT judgments and injunctions are temporarily stayed while the court considers the stay motions.
Event 28 (marked on the chart)
Section 232 steel and aluminum raised to 50%
Section 232 · In force · announced , effective · all partners
In force, modified: 50% (United Kingdom 25%); applied to full customs value since 6 Apr 2026.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. Steel articles: HTS 7206.10–7216.50, 7216.99–7301.10, 7302.10, 7302.40–7302.90 (Proclamation 9705).
Event 29
Federal Circuit grants a stay pending appeal
Court ruling ·
En banc order in No. 25-1812: the motions for a stay pending appeal are granted, so the tariffs continue during the appeal.
Event 30
IEEPA duty on Canada raised from 25% to 35%
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · Canada
35%. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 31
New country-specific reciprocal tariff rates
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, India, South Korea, Japan, Singapore
Vietnam 20%, Taiwan 20%, Thailand 19%, Malaysia 19%, Indonesia 19%, Philippines 19%, Cambodia 19%, India 25%, South Korea 15%, Japan 15%; Singapore 10% (not listed). Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 32
Penalty rate of 40% set for goods CBP determines were transshipped to evade reciprocal tariffs
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · all partners except Canada, Mexico
Policy provision in Executive Order 14326, section 3. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Describes the policy only. It says nothing about whether any particular trade flow was transshipped.
Event 33
Suspension of the higher reciprocal rate on China extended to 10 November 2025
IEEPA · Ended · · China, Hong Kong
10% continued. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 34
IEEPA additional duty on imports from India (Russian oil order)
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective , ended · India
25%; eliminated from 7 Feb 2026 (EO 14384).
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 35
Federal Circuit (en banc) affirms that the IEEPA tariffs exceed the President's authority
Court ruling ·
Affirmed in part, vacated in part (the injunction) and remanded.
Event 36
Suspension of the higher reciprocal rate on China extended to 10 November 2026
IEEPA · Ended · · China, Hong Kong
10% continued. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 37
IEEPA fentanyl duty on China cut from 20% to 10%
IEEPA · Ended · announced , effective · China, Hong Kong
10%. Ended: the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (20 Feb 2026), and EO 14389 ended the duties. The date collection stopped is not recorded until the CBP notice is found.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 38 (marked on the chart)
Supreme Court: IEEPA does not authorize tariffs
Court ruling ·
Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, No. 24-1287, decided with Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, Inc.
Event 39
Executive order ends the IEEPA tariffs
IEEPA · In force · · all partners
Orders agencies to stop collecting the IEEPA duties as soon as practicable. Section 232 and Section 301 duties are not affected.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 40
Section 122 temporary import surcharge
Section 122 · Ended · announced , effective , ended · all partners
10% for 150 days, with product exceptions (Annexes I and II); end date stated in the proclamation.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
Event 41 (marked on the chart)
Section 232 metals: duty on full customs value, rates restructured
Section 232 · In force · announced , effective · all partners
50% on Annex I-A articles regardless of metal content, with lower rates for some origins and content.
Partial: the measure covers some products in this chapter. Steel articles: HTS 7206.10–7216.50, 7216.99–7301.10, 7302.10, 7302.40–7302.90 (Proclamation 9705).
Event 42
Section 301 tariffs on 60 economies over forced-labor import prohibitions
Section 301 · In force · announced , effective · China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Cambodia, Canada, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea
12.5%: China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore. 10%: Cambodia, Canada, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico. Taiwan 10% and Japan and South Korea 12.5%, each net of the MFN rate. Product exemptions in Annexes I and II.
Presidential memorandum of 23 Jul 2026; USTR notice published 28 Jul 2026. Partners listed are the watchlist partners among the 60 economies.
Applies across imports from the partners named; product exemptions are not mapped.
By partner
| Partner | 12 months to Aug 2026 | vs a year earlier | Share | Share 2017 | Change (points) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All other origins | $18.5 billion | −18.6% | 80.4% | 84.7% | −4.4 |
| Canada | $4.3 billion | −31.3% | 18.6% | 18.9% | −0.4 |
| South Korea | $1.9 billion | +17.2% | 8.2% | 4.8% | +3.3 |
| Mexico | $1.7 billion | −38.2% | 7.5% | 6.3% | +1.2 |
| India | $1.1 billion | +40.8% | 4.6% | 1.5% | +3.1 |
| Japan | $986.9 million | −11.3% | 4.3% | 4.5% | −0.2 |
| Taiwan | $769.8 million | −27.5% | 3.4% | 3.6% | −0.2 |
| Vietnam | $623.6 million | −2.5% | 2.7% | 1.6% | +1.1 |
| China | $342.4 million | −18.3% | 1.5% | 2.3% | −0.8 |
| Indonesia | $305.9 million | +49.4% | 1.3% | 0.2% | +1.1 |
| Malaysia | $284.2 million | +24.2% | 1.2% | 0.4% | +0.8 |
| Thailand | $61.6 million | −31.7% | 0.3% | 0.6% | −0.3 |
| Singapore | $1.0 million | no data | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0 |
| Hong Kong | no data | no data | no data | 0.0% | no data |
| Cambodia | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Philippines | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| All countries (World) | $23.0 billion | −19.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
12-month totals. “vs a year earlier” compares with the 12 months to Aug 2025. Changes in points are computed from unrounded shares.
Data
Data through August 2026. Next scheduled release: (Census, Sep 2026 data). Release dates can move.
Freshness
- Update frequency
- Monthly
- Last observation
- Last checked
- Last retrieved
- Reporting lag
- 42 days after period end
“Last checked” is when the pipeline last fetched this series from the source, whether or not anything changed. “Last retrieved” is when it last stored a new or revised value.
Cite this
Capisaga, “Trade Shifts: Iron and steel (HS 72).” Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API, US general imports by country of origin. Data through August 2026, retrieved 12 Oct 2026. https://capisaga.com/trade/72?freq=monthly
The link reproduces this exact view (measure, period, range and display).
Source
U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API: US general imports (customs value, by country of origin), monthly, HS 72.
This product uses the Census Bureau Data API but is not endorsed or certified by the Census Bureau.
These are US-side figures: what the US Census Bureau records as imported into the US from each partner (general imports, by country of origin). A change in where the US buys a product shows a change in recorded origin. On its own it is not evidence that goods were transshipped or rerouted through another country, and it does not show where the goods were made.